The study has been criticized for demand characteristics by psychologist Peter Gray.
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Care must be taken to avoid biases due to interviewers and their demand characteristics.
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Outside of participant motivation, there are other factors that influence the appearance of demand characteristics in a study.
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Demand characteristics such as age, gender or physical appearance set processes in motion, acting as personal stimulus characteristics.
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In the end, the supply and demand characteristics of the municipal market is expected to win out, analysts said.
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They also argued that evidence of the imagined contact hypothesis improving implicit attitudes counters the possibility of demand characteristics influencing results.
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Demand characteristics refer a type of response bias where participants alter their response or behavior simply because they are part of an experiment.
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While demand characteristics cannot be completely removed from an experiment, there are steps that researchers can take to minimize the impact they may have on the results.
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This narrowing effect was later implied to be a demand characteristic after another group was told that their holding a rod was an evaluation of balance abilities.
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The meta-analysis calculated effect sizes " by population, age, sex, experimental design, duration, hours of treatment, pretest anxiety, demand characteristics, experimenter attitude, type of publication, and attribution ."
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